by Dr 'Rivka Shpack Lissak-
The new antisemitism hides its true essence, claiming that it is a legitimate criticism against Israel's actions in the territories. However, anti-Semitism as anti-Zionism appears through the negation of the rights of the Jewish people a state and negation of the historical relationship of Jews to the land of Israel and the ancient claim that Jews control the world with their riches. ago in Europe three design groups anti-Semitic extreme right, the second generation of immigrants from Islamic countries and the intelligentsia.
Professor Yehuda Bauer, Department of Holocaust Studies The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, has published several research papers on the new antisemitism. In 1985, his book: "The anti-Semitic wave in the contemporary world: Myth and Reality" was published and he has also published articles on this subject in several journals.
Professor Bauer refers in his research to the waves of anti-Semitism that swept Europe after the Second World War. He divides these waves of anti-Semitism in several cons-current:
- The first wave - 1958 - 1960
- The second wave - 1968 - 1972
- The Third Wave - 1987 - 1992
- The Fourth Wave - 1999 to present day
Each of these cons-currents had different origins and some of them are related to economic events that occurred in Europe. However, all These cons-currents have a common basis. According to Professor Bauer, there is a latent anti-Semitism that is waiting to come to light as a result of some external crisis. Each of these cons-current is related to events that occurred in the Near East, the system of relations between Israel and its Arab neighbors. The first wave was tied after the Sinai War, the second began after the Six Day War, the third after the first intifada and the war of the Peace of Galilee and the last, after the second intifada and everything happened next. According to Professor Bauer
, the phenomenon characteristic of all waves is that the new anti-Semitism is different from anti-Semitism as expressed in the past, and that was mainly characterized by the weaker strata of the population, it is now the Antisemitism in the medium and high social class. It is an intellectual phenomenon common in the media, universities and among academic circles. These are the ranks of the European left.
Two crises have spawned the new phenomenon: the Holocaust and the creation of the State of Israel. The Holocaust has created discomfort among Europeans vis-à-vis Jews. Professor Bauer defines the situation as a life alongside 6 million ghosts. The situation has created a dangerous and cruel mutation in European culture.
The creation of the State of Israel has created a feeling of relief. The Europeans brought their support to the creation of the state, as an expression of their disgust vis-à-vis the anti-Semitic past and to atone for what the Jews of Europe had suffered. They hoped that Jews would find their homes in Israel.
But the creation of the State of Israel has caused the worsening of relations between Israel and Arab countries and escalation of the Arab-Israeli conflict. The Arab-Israeli conflict has created a real tragedy for the Palestinians. One of the fundamental principles of design of the European left is the support of peoples fighting for their independence. The problem of refugees, has added the problem of Israeli occupation in 1967 and the Left is fundamentally opposed to the occupation.
but now-Semitism that was latent - was linked to the Palestinian tragedy and gave Jews the label of mass murderers and Nazis. The label stuck to the Israelis allowed the European Intelligentsia free themselves psychologically mental problems caused by the Holocaust. In this context, the facts do not matter. Since the beginning of the second intifada, about 2,000 Palestinians were killed, which represents 1 / 6 the number of Jews brought from Hungary to Auschwitz in a single day during the spring of 1944. The left sees Palestinian terrorism as a struggle against the occupation, a reaction against the Israeli actions, not the reverse. Their support of the Palestinian struggle, as a people oppressed for their independence, has led to growing opposition to the very existence of the State of Israel. Among the circles of the European intelligentsia, have reached the conclusion that support the creation of the State of Israel was a historic mistake indelible. According
Professor Bauer, the new anti-Semitism is dangerous, because he was born at the same time as Islamic anti-Semitism. Muslim media have adopted the Nazi ideology by adapting to their needs. Millions of Muslims are exposed daily to a genocidal incitement against Jews and against Israel, and thus, the two waves meet, the wave of European anti-Semitism and the wave of Muslim anti-Semitism, a threat of genocide against the Jews. The European left has actually attached to radical Islam and Ahmedinijjad who openly call for the extermination of the State of Israel, which will bring destruction to the eradication of most of the population.
Professor Bauer does not preclude criticism against Israeli policies. Anti-Zionism is not necessarily anti-Semitic. But denying the existence of Israel as a state without the requirement of the cancellation of all states nationalists - it is anti-Semitism and racism. Those who say that only Jews have no right to their independence and are anti-Jews when they exclude only Jews of the general principle for nationalistic reasons - they are racist and antisemitic.
The European left will say: the State of Israel was created because the Jews have the right to self-definition as any other people. The historical relationship of Jews to the land of Israel is an undeniable historical fact. However, the feeling of guilt of the West vis-à-vis the Holocaust resulted in the UN decision of 1947 for the creation of the state, but the process began in 1917 with the Balfour Declaration, the recognition by the League of Nations of the establishment a national home for Jews in Israel and the founding of the British Mandatory government in 1922. The Holocaust has accelerated the creation of the state but it is not the sole reason for its founding. The Palestinians have missed the opportunity to create a state of their own in 1937 and 1948, and during the entire period between 1948 and 1967, while under Arab rule. Even in 1967, they received a new opportunity, when Prime Minister Levy Eshkol said he was ready to make territory in exchange for peace. What happened after the disdain of the proposed Eshkol is the fault of both parties.
The new anti-Judaism
Professor Irwin Kotler is a lecturer in law at McGill University and member of the Canadian Parliament. Kotler has published an article entitled "Human Rights and the new anti-Judaism / alert.
In his article, Kotler explains the essential difference between classical anti-Semitism and the new anti-Judaism. The classic anti-Semitism is discrimination or denial of the rights of Jews to live as an equal member status in a free society. The new isolates and discriminates Judaism Israel and the Jewish people by discrimination and differentiation in the international arena and means Israel and the Jewish people as a target for extermination.
Kotler proposes a system of indices for identifying the nature and significance of the new anti-Judaism. These indexes are based on the principles of discrimination and equality in the constitutions of states and international laws. Kotler describes
13 indices:
a. Antisemitism existential or extermination - designating terrorist organizations openly calling for Israel's annihilation and genocide of Jews, religious awards extremist Muslim clerics calling for the extermination of Israel and Jews as a religious duty , Iran calling for erasing Israel off the map and declares his intention to use nuclear weapons to carry out genocide.
b. The political anti-Semitism - denoting the negation of the Jewish people's right to self definition, the negation of the legitimacy and existence of the State of Israel and demonization of Israel, described as the symbol of the violation of rights rights.
c. The ideological anti-Semitism - which is expressed by the decision of the United Nations - officially canceled, but whose impact is still felt - that "Zionism is equivalent to racism," the critical Israel as a "country of apartheid" and the defamation of Israel as a "Nazi country".
d. Theological anti-Semitism - designating Islamic antisemitism which sees Jews and Judaism in the enemy of Islam and the murder of Jews is a religious precept and Christian theological antisemitism, which sees the Church heir of the status before God of Judaism and therefore considers that the land of Israel belongs to the Church and not the Jewish people and the State of Israel was created illegally.
e. The cultural anti-Semitism - designating the new trend academic and intellectual circles to give legitimacy to anti-Semitism by denying the legitimacy of the state of Israel.
f. The European anti-Semitism - designating the new and recent eruption of anti-Semitism in Europe, which is expressed by the attack on synagogues, schools, Jewish institutions, persons identified as Jews and propaganda against Israel horror and Jews, while demonizing Israel and denying the right to defend itself against terrorism. The anti-Semitic activity is common to the right and left, who organize events where they openly called "Death the Jews ".
g. The anti-Judaism on the international scene: the denial of equality before the law of Israel. Israel has become a sort of" collective Jew "and is treated as the Jew is treated individually by non-Jewish community. discriminative relationship with Israel is expressed in the Convention against Racism in Durban but it shows a consistent pattern among the different UN agencies and primarily by the delegation of the UN Human Man.
h. The anti-Judaism Administrative: preventing the participation of Israel and Jewish organizations and non-governmental associations regional.
i. Anti-Semitism was "formed" by law - after the UN decision that Zionism was revealed as a cover for anti-Semitism, the method has changed and now the defamation against Israel refers to about human rights. The UN is particularly active in this regard.
j. The economic antisemitism, designating the Arab boycott. In the past, anti-Semitism expressed by economic discrimination against Jews in housing, education and employment but requires the Arab boycott of companies wishing to have commercial relations with Arab countries to sign a contract requiring them to boycott Israel, Jews do not use and do not give progress to those already employed.
k. The denial of the Holocaust - The Jews are accused of having invented the Holocaust, of extorting compensation from Germany and Israel have created "illegally" on Palestinian land. The meaning of this last argument is the negation of Jewish history - the Palestinians are the real owners of the land - and the denial of their future, that is to say, their right to a country.
l. Racist terrorism against Jews - referring to the attempts of factors international terrorists to carry out terrorist acts against Jews and against Israel, for example, the attacks of Hizbollah and El Kaida against Jewish institutions and the attempt to Azrieli Towers bombing cons.
m. Antisemitism as government approval - to encourage designating a "culture of hatred" against Jews and against Israel by countries this through incitement in mosques, schools and media, for example The use of "Protocols of the Elders of Zion", slurs and symbols of blood and topics Classic anti-Semitism.
In conclusion, Professor Kotler emphasizes that he does not expect an attitude of discrimination towards Israel but would simply discriminated against, that is to ie the creation of different criteria to Israel compared to other countries.
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